• Single S: the usual setting, used when the subject is stationary. C
  
  
• Continuous Low or High - L or H: Used when the subject is moving. How many frames per second on your body?
  
  
• Auto: The camera tries to determine if the subject is moving or still and functions accordingly. You would not really know what is going on.
  
  
• Live View: very handy! Can aid with focus adjustments
  
  
• Timer: not just for self portraits
  
  
• Mirror Up - Mup: reduces shake from the mirror moving out of the way.
  
  
• There may be more granular controls hidden in the Focus settings area of your cameras menus.

Note:

If you are set to Single, the default Release mode is Focus Priority. So, if the camera doesn't think it is in focus, it will not fire.

If you are set to Continuous, the default Release mode is Release Priority. So, the camera will fire if you press the shutter button no matter what.

Canon uses icons for these settings usually:

When shooting:

When would you use continous? Timer? Live View? Mirror Up?

What would be your normal?